Environmentally Neutral Engineering Composites for Boats and Aircrafts

TRADITIONAL ENGINEERING MATERIALS

Steel, Aluminum, Brass, Bronzes, Plastics, Polymer Composites and Wood are the most used traditional engineering materials. These have certain properties as follows: (CLICK on the TABLE to ENLARGE have a better View)

Certain Traditional Engineering Materials properties

Certain Derived Properties of Composites in Fibers, Compared with Steel

Fiber (40% uni-directional)	Tensile Strength	Sp.wt	Sp. Tensile Strength	Tensile Modulus	Eq Wt Section	Eq. Wt Rigidity Modulus	Cost Factor
	(MPa)	(kg/m3)	(m)	(GPa)	(cm) Carbon Steel = 1 cm	(Kg-m2)	(Rs/ Kg)
Bamboo	293	600	48833	18.32	13.08	3416	250
Bamboo-Glass	350	703	49786	18.23	11.16	2111	255
Hybrid Bamboo1	440	688	63953	22.85	11.4	2282	740
Hybrid Bamboo2	438.2	695	63050	27.09	11.29	3248	990
E-Glass	816.8	1474	55413	18.91	5.32	237.27	270
S-Glass	1104	1455	75876	23.16	5.39	302.22	510
Carbon Fiber	1222	1336	91467	74.95	5.87	1263	3210
Kevlar 49	1298	1243	104424	45.27	6.31	947.8	2210
Boron	946.5	1467	64519	92.94	5.35	1186	3810
High tensile Steel	4000	7900	50632	210	0.99	16.98	250
Low Carbon steel	400	7850	5095	210	1	17.5	60

Comparative Design Advantage of Hybrid Bamboo Composites:

In order that we are able to arrive at “optimum” engineered material system for a particular design need, we shall compare the “Rigidity factor” based on Low Carbon Steel (which is the standard structural engineering material)

The average thickness of Steel sheet material needed for the hull of a small 20 ft Dinghy that needs to be “seaworthy’ is 6 mm. The various thickness factors for the Composites (based on equivalent Rigidity factor) are presented below:

Fiber (40% uni-directional)	Tensile Strength	Sp.wt	Sp. Tensile Strength	Engineered Section	Wt per Sq m	Rigidity Modulus	Fabrication Cost Factor
	(MPa)	(kg/m3)	(m)	(cm)	Kg	(Kg-m2)	(Rs/ Sq m)
Low Carbon steel	400	7850	5095	0.6	47	3.78	5640
Bamboo (40%)	293	600	48833	1.36	8.16	3.84	3060
Bamboo-Glass	350	703	49786	1.36	9.56	3.82	3657
Hybrid Bamboo1	440	688	63953	1.26	8.67	3.8	7700
Hybrid Bamboo2	438.2	695	63050	1.2	8.34	3.9	9908
Kevlar 49	1298	1243	104424	1.01	13.11	3.88	33319

 It is noted that we could engineer superior structures using both 40% bamboo composite and bamboo-glass composites. The cost factors would be lesser than that of Low carbon steel structure, even at 50% excess thickness levels in the Bamboo composite structures. That would mean far superior Strength-Rigidity factors in the resultant engineered systems. See the Table below:

Fiber (40% uni-directional)	Tensile Strength	Sp.wt	Sp. Tensile Strength	Engineered Section	Wt per Sq m	Rigidity Modulus	Fabrication Cost Factor
	(MPa)	(kg/m3)	(m)	(cm)	Kg	(Kg-m2)	(Rs/ Sq m)
Low Carbon steel	400	7850	5095	0.6	47	3.78	5640
Bamboo (40%)	293	600	48833	2.04	12.24	12.96	4590
Bamboo-Glass	350	703	49786	2.04	14.34	12.89	5485

It is further noted that even at double the “minimum thickness” for “steel equivalent” Rigidity factor, the weight factor is only about one-fourth of steel … allowing us to have greater Strength-Rigidity-Economics

For more details on the subject of STRENGTH, RIGIDITY and related Factors, please visit the blog:

http://cr4.globalspec.com/comment/752322/Re-Optimized-Engineering-Materials-Through-Cleantech

Bamboo-Composite Molded Boat/ Dinghy (Click to Enlarge)

Please see the following blogs on this subject for more details:

1. http://cr4.globalspec.com/comment/750225/Re-Optimized-Engineering-Materials-Through-Cleantech

2. http://cr4.globalspec.com/comment/754912/Re-Optimized-Engineering-Materials-Through-Cleantech

We are now looking at the possibility of Designing and constructing a Lightweight AIRCRAFT (Two-Seater) using Hybrid Bamboo Composites. Please see here:

http://cr4.globalspec.com/comment/756431/Re-Optimized-Engineering-Materials-Through-Cleantech

Main Structure Syatems in a Lightweight Aircraft

ZERO-WASTE ZERO-CARBON FARMING

Please also visit: Real Value Additions using Agrowastes and AGROBIOGENICS

It is estimated that an average farmland in India would support a total plants/ vegetation/ shrubs/ grasses growth of not less than 50 Tons of biomass. This is without any agricultural operations being carried on! It is also noted that each ton of “green weight” biomass could be anaerobically converted into the following:

1. Methane gas …………………………….. 75 Kg

2. Carbon Di Oxide ………………………. 130 Kg

3. Biofertilizer …………………………….. 63 Kg

4. H2S + Amines ………………………….. 2 Kg

5. Insitu Water …………………………….. 730 Kg

The Photo illustration shows “Natural Sustainable growth” in various farmlands in southern India. It is possible for every farmer to take advantage of AGRO-BIOGENICS TECHNOLOGIES and each ha of any farmland could GENERATE NOT LESS THAN Rs.300,000 (US $6667 at Jan 2011 values) WORTH PRODUCTS/ VALUE ADDITIONS per annum. This is over and above whatever is being generated now using current practices

For more details:

pvhramani@yahoo.com

2010 in review

The stats helper monkeys at WordPress.com mulled over how this blog did in 2010, and here’s a high level summary of its overall blog health:

The Blog-Health-o-Meter™ reads Minty-Fresh™.

Links for Interaction: https://zerowastezerocarbon.wordpress.com/links-for-interaction/

Crunchy numbers

A Boeing 747-400 passenger jet can hold 416 passengers. This blog was viewed about 1,300 times in 2010. That’s about 3 full 747s.

In 2010, there were 3 new posts, growing the total archive of this blog to 4 posts. There were 32 pictures uploaded, taking up a total of 6mb. That’s about 3 pictures per month.

The busiest day of the year was December 1st with 22 views. The most popular post that day was ZERO-WASTE ZERO-CARBON BUSINESS – Banana-Plantation_example .

Where did they come from?

The top referring sites in 2010 were mail.yahoo.com, agro-biogenics.com, WordPress Dashboard, punecleantech.com, and mail.live.com.

Some visitors came searching, mostly for banana plantation, zero waste, banana plantations, crockery, and banana waste.

Attractions in 2010

These are the posts and pages that got the most views in 2010.

1

ZERO-WASTE ZERO-CARBON BUSINESS – Banana-Plantation_example November 2009
5 comments

2

Contact Us September 2010
1 comment

3

Closed-Loop Zero-Waste Zero-Carbon Processes December 2009
1 comment

4

Looking for Entrepreneurs as Promoter-Directors July 2010
2 comments

5

Materials Efficiency = Business Efficiency November 2009

Agro-Biogenics (Clean-Tech) Pvt Ltd Business Website

Please visit us at:: AGROBIOGENICS

JOINT-VENTURES IN …

TECHNOLOGY, R & D, AGRO-RESOURCES, CARBON SINK PRODUCTS, ALTERNATE ENGINEERING MATERIALS/PRODUCTS, ALTERNATE ENERGY, BIO-PETROCHEMICALS,  FARM PRODUCES, AGRICULTURE PROCESSES, SPECIALTY EQUIPMENTS, AND NEW PROJECTS … The potentials in the TROPICS alone are estimated @ US $15 trillion!

You may download the Executive Business Summary of APIX_Pliot Plant here: JOINT VENTURE FOR COMMERCIALIZATION OF APIX-SEP